reflections:
Lon Chaney was an early silent movie star. He often applied his own makeup. The movie now we product are usually modify by computer. But makeup is really important for movies, the skills of the makeup artist were late in being recognized.
2007年6月27日 星期三
Women priates
reflections:
There are many women pirates in the ancients. Some of them are famous, like Alwilda, Anne Bonny and Cheng I Sao. They all have the same personality that is sour grapes. Although they all finally returned to the normal life. But they really did a story in their life.
There are many women pirates in the ancients. Some of them are famous, like Alwilda, Anne Bonny and Cheng I Sao. They all have the same personality that is sour grapes. Although they all finally returned to the normal life. But they really did a story in their life.
Secret codes for spies?
reflections:
Secret code is more common be use in our daily life. But it is be use in the ancient time. When British intercept secret Morse code messages from Germany. And they tried to decipher these arcane messages. For recruited the intelligence to work on cracking enigma. They finally succeed.
Secret code is more common be use in our daily life. But it is be use in the ancient time. When British intercept secret Morse code messages from Germany. And they tried to decipher these arcane messages. For recruited the intelligence to work on cracking enigma. They finally succeed.
Don’t believe everything you read
reflections:
In this society, there have many scams everywhere. The most overflows are in the internet. Now people use internet is very common. But there are many traps in the internet. It is not only you may be deceived, but also the news there also may be fake. So if you want to use internet safely. Just don’t believe everything you read in the internet.
In this society, there have many scams everywhere. The most overflows are in the internet. Now people use internet is very common. But there are many traps in the internet. It is not only you may be deceived, but also the news there also may be fake. So if you want to use internet safely. Just don’t believe everything you read in the internet.
Movie makeup unmasked
A makeup artist who now works with chemists shares Hollywood's secrets of making facial molds. Rob Krebs now works for the American Plastics Council and is the proud owner of the sculpted nose that Jack Nicholson wore in the film Chinatown. Inside Science News Service spoke with Krebs to find out how the experts make the scariest masks and faces.
ISNS: What major known ingredients that are typically mixed in to make the "skins" like those used in previous films?
RK: Well this is a funny one, because most of the formulas are proprietary. Dick Smith was the first union makeup artist with a card to operate on both coasts of America. Hollywood dynasties of families ruled the makeup world so the formulas of the Bau family, and others became secrets to help the family earn money. Dick was the first to share this info freely.
I understand that some of the effects and make-up artists used some pretty potent surfactants, but nonetheless, everyday household substances- like ammonia & chemicals that even the average, non-chemist, non- engineer-type person would be familiar with. tell me about this, and what a product like ammonia, for example, might do for the type of "skin" or "appliance" being fashioned in the earlier days of make-up effects, like those seen in movies going back, 10, 20, and even 30 years ago.
[Dick] also invented the gunshot to the head. He puts morticians' wax over red 'blood' around a shirt button buried in the morticians' wax and tied to invisible fishing line. When the shot is fired, he pulls the string and you see a hole in the forehead!
ISNS: Are there any household substances, such as ammonia or other chemicals used and what do they do for the "skin"?
RK: As I understood this at the time the ammonia was a chemical agent that kept the parts of the latex molecules from sticking together sort of a' separator' but when the gelling agent for the foam was added [after the foaming - literally in a Kitchen Aid Mix Master whipper] it neutralized the ammonia and allowed the latex to coagulate, but it was in a foamed state at that time. The foam is poured into a negative mold and the 'skin' comes from the accumulation of foam against the surface of the mold, like the skin of a cheese that melts against a baking pan in an oven.
The latex foam ingredients were experimented with and experimented with until they got foam that basically wrinkles like skin, folds like skin and allows the actor to move his face as naturally as possible, and took makeup but did not dissolve under the lights. When they had the right 'formula' that was a family secret. Some formulas absorb light so differently that you could tell where the appliance ended and where the actor's skin began -and it looked fake. Others were more natural and those people were successful.
How do these 'skins' and 'paints' used on actors then, compare to material used in everyday consumer products such as materials found in automobiles (car seats), household furniture, like bedding, mattresses, clothing, or the kind of stuffing inside pillows?
RK: technically very similar however the foams for cushions and other items in cars, for example, are much, much more durable, lasting ten to twelve years of daily use, acting foams last about eight hours of filming and are not re used.
Are there certain safety issues that apply in both making the rubber/foam/latex molds?
RK: I'm sure there are but as these things were developed I'm sure they did not know if any of these chemicals harmed actors or the creators at first. Remember the story of the Wizard of Oz: the first tin man was Buddy Ebsen. (They used) aluminum dust. He breathed it and nearly expired. Not only did he nearly die he lost the part and the studio gave it to Ray Bolger! Then they used aluminum paste. There were originally [safety issues & potential hazards], not so much any more. Lots more is known about what chemicals can be harmful and which can be used to the same effect but are more recent discoveries.
For bald caps, very powerful solvents meant to dissolve the plastic film and melt it invisibly into the skin are used. [This] may cause harm if you are over exposed.
Was this stuff difficult to work with?
RK: Oh absolutely, this is science in its roughest form: experimenting over and over and over to get the foam to set after its in the mold, not before, to get the right consistency to be realistic, to not bake it too long in the oven to 'cure' it, to make the edges come out just right so they can blend seamlessly into areas of the face, finding 'release' agents to coat the molds so that the cooked latex comes out without tearing, or release agents. For casting the sculpted appliance once it's created so that the mold comes off clean and ready to fill with foamed latex.
ISNS: What major known ingredients that are typically mixed in to make the "skins" like those used in previous films?
RK: Well this is a funny one, because most of the formulas are proprietary. Dick Smith was the first union makeup artist with a card to operate on both coasts of America. Hollywood dynasties of families ruled the makeup world so the formulas of the Bau family, and others became secrets to help the family earn money. Dick was the first to share this info freely.
I understand that some of the effects and make-up artists used some pretty potent surfactants, but nonetheless, everyday household substances- like ammonia & chemicals that even the average, non-chemist, non- engineer-type person would be familiar with. tell me about this, and what a product like ammonia, for example, might do for the type of "skin" or "appliance" being fashioned in the earlier days of make-up effects, like those seen in movies going back, 10, 20, and even 30 years ago.
[Dick] also invented the gunshot to the head. He puts morticians' wax over red 'blood' around a shirt button buried in the morticians' wax and tied to invisible fishing line. When the shot is fired, he pulls the string and you see a hole in the forehead!
ISNS: Are there any household substances, such as ammonia or other chemicals used and what do they do for the "skin"?
RK: As I understood this at the time the ammonia was a chemical agent that kept the parts of the latex molecules from sticking together sort of a' separator' but when the gelling agent for the foam was added [after the foaming - literally in a Kitchen Aid Mix Master whipper] it neutralized the ammonia and allowed the latex to coagulate, but it was in a foamed state at that time. The foam is poured into a negative mold and the 'skin' comes from the accumulation of foam against the surface of the mold, like the skin of a cheese that melts against a baking pan in an oven.
The latex foam ingredients were experimented with and experimented with until they got foam that basically wrinkles like skin, folds like skin and allows the actor to move his face as naturally as possible, and took makeup but did not dissolve under the lights. When they had the right 'formula' that was a family secret. Some formulas absorb light so differently that you could tell where the appliance ended and where the actor's skin began -and it looked fake. Others were more natural and those people were successful.
How do these 'skins' and 'paints' used on actors then, compare to material used in everyday consumer products such as materials found in automobiles (car seats), household furniture, like bedding, mattresses, clothing, or the kind of stuffing inside pillows?
RK: technically very similar however the foams for cushions and other items in cars, for example, are much, much more durable, lasting ten to twelve years of daily use, acting foams last about eight hours of filming and are not re used.
Are there certain safety issues that apply in both making the rubber/foam/latex molds?
RK: I'm sure there are but as these things were developed I'm sure they did not know if any of these chemicals harmed actors or the creators at first. Remember the story of the Wizard of Oz: the first tin man was Buddy Ebsen. (They used) aluminum dust. He breathed it and nearly expired. Not only did he nearly die he lost the part and the studio gave it to Ray Bolger! Then they used aluminum paste. There were originally [safety issues & potential hazards], not so much any more. Lots more is known about what chemicals can be harmful and which can be used to the same effect but are more recent discoveries.
For bald caps, very powerful solvents meant to dissolve the plastic film and melt it invisibly into the skin are used. [This] may cause harm if you are over exposed.
Was this stuff difficult to work with?
RK: Oh absolutely, this is science in its roughest form: experimenting over and over and over to get the foam to set after its in the mold, not before, to get the right consistency to be realistic, to not bake it too long in the oven to 'cure' it, to make the edges come out just right so they can blend seamlessly into areas of the face, finding 'release' agents to coat the molds so that the cooked latex comes out without tearing, or release agents. For casting the sculpted appliance once it's created so that the mold comes off clean and ready to fill with foamed latex.
Today's Internet
The World Wide
WebFor more details on this topic, see World Wide Web.Graphic representation of less than 0.0001% of the WWW, representing some of the hyperlinksMany people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (a.k.a. the Web) interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.The Web is just one of the ways that information can be disseminated over the Internet. The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which relies on SMTP, Usenet news groups, instant messaging, file sharing (text, image, video, mp3 etc.) and FTP. So the Web is just a portion of the Internet, albeit a large portion, but the two terms are not synonymous and should not be confused.Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines, like Google, millions worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.Many individuals and some companies and groups have adopted the use of "Web logs" or blogs, which are largely used as easily-updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.For more information on the distinction between the World Wide Web and the Internet itself—as in everyday use the two are sometimes confused—see Dark internet where this is discussed in more detail.
WebFor more details on this topic, see World Wide Web.Graphic representation of less than 0.0001% of the WWW, representing some of the hyperlinksMany people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (a.k.a. the Web) interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.The Web is just one of the ways that information can be disseminated over the Internet. The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which relies on SMTP, Usenet news groups, instant messaging, file sharing (text, image, video, mp3 etc.) and FTP. So the Web is just a portion of the Internet, albeit a large portion, but the two terms are not synonymous and should not be confused.Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines, like Google, millions worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.Many individuals and some companies and groups have adopted the use of "Web logs" or blogs, which are largely used as easily-updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.For more information on the distinction between the World Wide Web and the Internet itself—as in everyday use the two are sometimes confused—see Dark internet where this is discussed in more detail.
2007年6月22日 星期五
Secret Codes
During the Civil War both sides used spies and messengers to send information through enemy lines. Some spies like southerner Rose Greenhow of Washington, D.C. sent secret coded messages which were concealed in small bundles, placed in food baskets and carried by innocent-looking agents posing as farmers or servants. Rose’s message about the position of Union forces just before the Battle of First Manassas is said to have contributed to this early victory for the South.
A coded message might look something like this:MARBLES HQW TVJQWU CPFG PGOA VTQQRUYK NNET QUUVJG
To understand this message, you would have to know that the word "MARBLES" meant that you should replace each letter with the one two letters before it in the alphabet. Try to translate this message.
*Remember that sometimes spies would change the spacing of the letters to make it more difficult for the enemy to crack the code.
Click here for the answer.
One of the more complicated codes used a chart like this:
The letter would be indicated by drawing the angles of the box it was in, with a dot to show whether it was the right or left letter in the box. For instance, if the dot meant it was the left letter in the box, the word NURSES would look like this:
Try to write the phrase "ATTACK AT DAWN" using this code.
Click here for the answer.
A coded message might look something like this:MARBLES HQW TVJQWU CPFG PGOA VTQQRUYK NNET QUUVJG
To understand this message, you would have to know that the word "MARBLES" meant that you should replace each letter with the one two letters before it in the alphabet. Try to translate this message.
*Remember that sometimes spies would change the spacing of the letters to make it more difficult for the enemy to crack the code.
Click here for the answer.
One of the more complicated codes used a chart like this:
The letter would be indicated by drawing the angles of the box it was in, with a dot to show whether it was the right or left letter in the box. For instance, if the dot meant it was the left letter in the box, the word NURSES would look like this:
Try to write the phrase "ATTACK AT DAWN" using this code.
Click here for the answer.
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